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Persistent storage refers to the retention of data in a non-volatile manner so that it remains available even after a device or application powers off or restarts. Storage and retrieval of data allow web applications to save user information and states and operate reliably.
In monolithic applications, storage access is straightforward because the server and storage live together. However, geographically distributed systems make access more complex, as the storage system must remain available to all components worldwide.
Containerization further complicates the issue because containers are lightweight, stateless, and ephemeral — unsuitable characteristics for storing data. Therefore, any persistent storage solution must be able to work seamlessly with containers, adding another layer of complexity.